before the spindle pulls the two sets of chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell, the spindle checkpoint ensures the chromosomes are properly positioned. In addtion there is a Spindle checkpoint in mid M-Phase. These DNA restriction points work by inhibiting various Cdk-cyclin complexes. The first is at the end of G1, the second is in late S phase, and the last is at the end of the G2 phase. There are several "DNA damage checkpoints" in the cell cycle. These phases are refereed to as the Cell Cycle. This process is accomplished through a series of stages called G1, S, G2 and M phases. To begin with we must note that for a cell to divide it must first duplicate its genetic information and this info must be distributed in a manner that ensures that each new daughter cell will have a complete and unabridged copy of the DNA.
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